From the American Academy of Periodontology
Gum Disease Risk Factors
The main cause of periodontal (gum) disease is plaque, but other factors
affect the health of your gums.
Age
Studies
indicate that older people have the highest rates of periodontal disease. Data
from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that over 70% of
Americans 65 and older have periodontitis.
Smoking/Tobacco Use
Tobacco use is
linked with many serious illnesses such as cancer, lung disease and heart
disease, as well as numerous other health problems. Tobacco users also are at
increased risk for periodontal disease. Studies have shown that tobacco use may
be one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression
of periodontal disease.
Genetics
Research has
indicated that some people may be genetically susceptible to gum disease.
Despite aggressive oral care habits, these people may be more likely to develop
periodontal disease. Identifying these people with a genetic test before they
even show signs of the disease and getting them into early intervention
treatment may help them keep their teeth for a lifetime.
Stress
Stress is
linked to many serious conditions such as hypertension, cancer, and numerous
other health problems. Stress also is a risk factor for periodontal disease.
Research demonstrates that stress can make it more difficult for the body to
fight off infection, including periodontal diseases.
Medications
Some drugs,
such as oral contraceptives, anti-depressants, and certain heart medicines, can
affect your oral health. Just as you notify your pharmacist and other health
care providers of all medicines you are taking and any changes in your overall
health, you should also inform your dental care provider.
Clenching or Grinding Your Teeth
Clenching or
grinding your teeth can put excess force on the supporting tissues of the teeth
and could speed up the rate at which these periodontal tissues are destroyed.
Other Systemic Diseases
Other systemic
diseases that interfere with the body's inflammatory system may worsen the
condition of the gums. These include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and
rheumatoid arthritis.
Poor Nutrition and Obesity
A diet low in
important nutrients can compromise the body's immune system and make it harder
for the body to fight off infection. Because periodontal disease begins as an
infection, poor nutrition can worsen the condition of your gums. In addition,
research has shown that obesity may increase the risk of periodontal disease.
